Quantum Information and Foundations
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Quantum Information and Foundations

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## How does one determine ladder operators systematically?

In textbooks, the ladder operators are always defined," and shown to 'raise' the state of a system, but they are never actually derived. Does one find them simply by trial and error? Or is there a …

## Normalization of basis vectors with a continuous index?

I have an infinite basis which associates with each point, $x$, on the x-axis, a basis vector $|x\rangle$ such that the matrix of $|x\rangle$ is full of zeroes and a one by the $x^{\mathrm{th}}$ ...

## Detecting the presence of a delta potential

Suppose you have a particle in a box, and there may or may not be a Dirac delta potential somewhere in the box. How could one detect whether or not the potential is present? Furthermore: If there's …

47 mins ago

## From k-local Hamiltonian to CNF expression

Is there a general algorithm or convention for converting a given k-local Hamiltonian into a CNF form? What about if the CNF form needs to be with smallest number of variables? A sample k-local ...

## Is the spin-singlet state also a Resonating-Valence-Bond(RVB) state?

The spin-singlet state of a lattice spin-1/2 system is defined as $S_x\Psi=S_y\Psi=S_z\Psi=0$, where $S_\alpha=\sum S_i^\alpha(\alpha=x,y,z)$ are the total spin operators, in other words, a ...

## Which is more energy efficient: optical demagnetization or heating beyond $T_c$,

What is considered more energy efficient? Current research show that the amount of energy used for powering a laser to demagnetize a material is quite small. However, the demagnetization is very ...

## Nonseparable Hilbert space

What kind of things can go wrong if we try to do quantum mechanics on a nonseparable Hilbert space? I have heard that usual mathematical manipulations that we take for granted will no longer hold. ...

## How are the definitions of a coherent state equivalent?

I am trying to understand coherent states. As far as I could find there are three equivalent definitions and in general many sources start from a different one, still I fail to see their equivalence. …

## Separability axiom really necessary?

I know other people asked the same question time before, but I read a few posts and I didn't find a satisfactory answer to the question, probably because it is a foundational problem of quantum ...

## Coordinate system

Quoting from 'Nuclear Physics - Theory and Experiment' by RR Roy, BP Nigam 2005 edition Link to text How did the author arrive at equations (23a, 23b,23c)? Chapter 8 Nuclear model II, 8.7 …

## Higher moments of the kinetic energy operator in QM

I have set myself the task of studying the kinetic energy $T$ in a quantum mechanical system. For the latter, I use the simple case of the Hydrogen atom in the $n=1$ state. Then the wave function is …

## How many of which particles are in Hawking radiation?

My understanding is that a black hole radiates ~like an ideal black body, and that both photons and massive particles are emitted by Hawking radiation. So for a low temperature black hole, photons are …

## Do electrons collapse into nucleus, if electrons in the atom are constantly excited?

From the Bohr's atomic model, it is clear that electron can have only certain definite energy levels. When the electron is present as close to the nucleus as possible, the atom has the minimum ...

## what determines the direction of a single photon

Photon has momentum and energy.assume i am creating a nuclear fusion by fusing hydrogen nuclei into helium and a photon is created.Now which direction does it(single photon) moves or travel?can we ...

## Quantum Mechanisms for Isotope Fractionation

Are there any quantum properties that would enable isotope fractionation? For example, atoms with odd versus even numbers of neutrons are fermions and bosons, respectively. Has any work been done ...

## Bound state in a potential well?

Reading from http://quantummechanics.ucsd.edu/ph130a/130_notes/node151.html It says: This means that the solutions separate into even parity and odd parity states. We could have guessed this from …

## Electron Decay, Why are there P and higher orbitals?

Related: Decay from excited state to ground state My confusion arose initially from the definition of binding energy being the lowest energy state (n=1) in the hydrogen atom. This, I assume, is ...

## What is the underlying physical principle behind quantum fault tolerance in quantum computation?

What is the underlying physical principle behind quantum fault tolerance in quantum computation? I am trying to follow the mathematical steps behind quantum fault tolerance, and while I can just ...

yesterday

## Is position fundamentally different from other observables?

I apologize in advance for what might be a very naive question, and for its science-fictionesque flavor. It's still, I think, a real physics question. Suppose I have a (quantum) particle, whose ...

yesterday

## Applications of the Spectral Theorem to Quantum Mechanics

I'm currently learning some basic functional analysis. Yesterday I arrived at the spectral theorem of self-adjoint operators. I've heard that this theorem has lots of applications in Quantum ...

## Definite Parity of Solutions to a Schrödinger Equation with even Potential?

I am reading up on the Schrödinger equation and I quote: Because the potential is symmetric under $x\to-x$, we expect that there will be solutions of definite parity. Could someone kindly ...

## Stark effect in two level atomic, laser-driven system?

In a two level atomic system (Rabi oscillating problem) the perturbative potential is oscillating / sinusoidal because it comes from the electric field from the laser. Now stark effect is the ...

## Why do covalent bonds form?

why in a covalent bond are "the bonded electrons are in a lower energy state than if the individual atoms held them at the same proximity"? Also is it correct that " I think when you start pushing …

## How are physics and computer science getting united?

How is theoretical computer science getting united with physics? Phenomena like Quantum Computing uses Quantum Mechanics to be able to compute things, how are computers helping not just to model our …

## What's the relationship between the energy density of a black-body and its radiant exitance?

Through a bit calculation we can derive that in a cavity, the energy density $$u(f,T)=\overline{E(f)}\times G(f)=\frac{8\pi h}{c^3}\frac{f^3}{e^{h\nu /kT}-1}$$ If we take the integral over all ...

## Likelyhood of the creation of a single unbound quark in the collision of very high energy particle beams

I am going over old exam and am not understanding the logic behind the answer given in the mark-scheme. A beam of protons and antiprotons attain energies of 1400 GeV in a synchrotron. Why is it that, …

## What is quark transverse momentum?

When you google my question you get something on the order of 400 000 results but none of them explains how it is defined (No I didn't check them all). I know what the words quarks, transverse and …

## What do they mean by $\langle u_i |O| u_j\rangle$ in quantum mechanics

UCSD's online QM notes, as usual, starts stating that QM operators are Hermitian and says that operator $O$ elements can be computed by $$O_{ij} = \langle u_j|O|u_i\rangle$$ The $u_i$ are ...